Or, epilepsy can be idiopathic when no identifiable structural or metabolic cause is found. The kindling model, and it's widely been used as an experimental approach to studying how epilepsy develops, and it's been used in rodents where a deep brain electrode will be inserted into regions like the amygdala or the hippocampus, and regular intervals will be, regular intervals such as daily, and initially the rodent won't show any behavioural changes, and then this will progress to facial twitching and full motor seizures.